METHODS OF PROTECTION OF DEFENSE STRUCTURES OF ANCIENT BC LOCATED IN THE LOWER REACHES OF AMUDARYA FROM NATURAL AND MAN-MADE DISASTERS

Abstract

Ancient defense structures in the lower reaches of the Amudarya River, particularly those in the Khorezm region, were subjected to various natural and man-made disasters throughout their history. This paper examines the methods employed by these structures to mitigate such disasters. Through archaeological evidence and historical records, it is evident that strategic location, advanced engineering, and adaptive reuse played pivotal roles in the resilience of these fortifications. The study highlights the interplay between environmental challenges and human ingenuity in preserving these ancient structures.